http://modernsurvivalonline.com/Files/medical/wtndentist_2010_Web_Full_Book.pdf
Important book and knowledge to have for naturalists, outdoors adventures.
Many companies make temporary filling material. The names on the packages are different. This makes it hard to know which one to order.
However, the basic material of each product is the same—zinc oxide and oil of cloves (eugenol). To save money, order these two main ingredients in bulk, instead of an expensive kind of cement filling material.
Oil of cloves is a liquid. Zinc oxide is a powder.
You may be able to buy a special kind of zinc oxide powder called I .R .M . (Intermediate Restorative Material). Fillings with I.R.M. are stronger and harder, so they last longer. But it is more expensive than zinc oxide.
Where There Is No Dentist 2010 HOW TO PLACE THE CEMENT FILLING -page146 -
Lay out on a clean cloth:
your syringe, needle, and local anesthetic (in case a tooth hurts)
Your instruments: mirror, probe, tweezers, spoon, filling tool, mixing tool
oil of cloves (eugenol) and zinc oxide
lots of cotton: cotton rolls, gauze, or cotton wool
smooth glass to mix cement
To place a cement filling, follow these 6 steps (pages 146–150):
1 . Keep the cavity dry. 2 . Lift out some, but not all, of the soft decay. (If the tooth hurts,
inject local anesthetic.) 3 . Mix the cement. 4 . Press the cement into the cavity. 5 . Remove the extra cement from around the cavity and the tooth. 6 . Explain what you are doing to the person.
1 . Keep the cavity dry . The cavity and the area around it must be dry so you can see what you are doing. Just as important, cement stays longer inside a dry cavity .
Place cotton between the cheek and gums to keep the area dry. Put some cotton under the tongue when you work on a lower tooth.
Use whatever kind of cotton you have: gauze, wool, or even rolls.
Change the cotton whenever it becomes wet .
Keep the cavity dry while you work. Wipe the inside of it every now and then with a bit of cotton.
Then leave a piece of cotton inside the cavity while you mix the cement.
Important book and knowledge to have for naturalists, outdoors adventures.
Chapter 10 gives emergency filling advice.
The link above will be the best way to read this. Or you can order the book through Amazon.com.
If you cannot open the link in any emergency, below is the text only of Chapter 10. The images are at the link above.
( these cement fillings were used even by US military in the VietNam conflict and helped alleviate suffering, and preserve teeth for further later care. )
HOW TO PLACE A CEMENT FILLING-
Cement Filling Material -
Many companies make temporary filling material. The names on the packages are different. This makes it hard to know which one to order.
However, the basic material of each product is the same—zinc oxide and oil of cloves (eugenol). To save money, order these two main ingredients in bulk, instead of an expensive kind of cement filling material.
Oil of cloves is a liquid. Zinc oxide is a powder.
You may be able to buy a special kind of zinc oxide powder called I .R .M . (Intermediate Restorative Material). Fillings with I.R.M. are stronger and harder, so they last longer. But it is more expensive than zinc oxide.
Where There Is No Dentist 2010 HOW TO PLACE THE CEMENT FILLING -page146 -
Lay out on a clean cloth:
your syringe, needle, and local anesthetic (in case a tooth hurts)
Your instruments: mirror, probe, tweezers, spoon, filling tool, mixing tool
oil of cloves (eugenol) and zinc oxide
lots of cotton: cotton rolls, gauze, or cotton wool
smooth glass to mix cement
To place a cement filling, follow these 6 steps (pages 146–150):
1 . Keep the cavity dry. 2 . Lift out some, but not all, of the soft decay. (If the tooth hurts,
inject local anesthetic.) 3 . Mix the cement. 4 . Press the cement into the cavity. 5 . Remove the extra cement from around the cavity and the tooth. 6 . Explain what you are doing to the person.
1 . Keep the cavity dry . The cavity and the area around it must be dry so you can see what you are doing. Just as important, cement stays longer inside a dry cavity .
Place cotton between the cheek and gums to keep the area dry. Put some cotton under the tongue when you work on a lower tooth.
Use whatever kind of cotton you have: gauze, wool, or even rolls.
Change the cotton whenever it becomes wet .
Keep the cavity dry while you work. Wipe the inside of it every now and then with a bit of cotton.
Then leave a piece of cotton inside the cavity while you mix the cement.
Where There Is No Dentist 2010 -page 147 -
2 . Lift out some of the decay . You do not need to remove all of the decay on the bottom of the cavity. You can leave some, as long as you cover it with cement. If you try to dig out all of the decay, you might touch the nerve. Try to cover the decay so it stops growing.
However, you must remove all of the decay from the edge of the cavity . Otherwise, germs and food can go between the cement and the cavity and keep the decay growing inside.
Scrape clean the walls and the edge of the cavity. If you find that the edge is thin and weak, break it deliberately with the end of your instrument. That makes for stronger sides to hold onto the cement.
Use the spoon tool and lift out soft decay from inside the cavity. Do not go too deep. Make the cavity just deep enough to give thickness and strength to the cement. If the tooth hurts when you do this, stop and inject some local anesthetic . Use cotton gauze to collect the bits of decay so that the person does not swallow them.
Use your mirror and look closely around the edges of the cavity for decay that you may have missed. Put some cotton inside the cavity and leave it there while you mix the cement.
3 . Mix the cement on a piece of smooth glass. Place separately onto the glass a pile of zinc oxide powder and a few drops of eugenol liquid.
Pull a small amount of the powder to the liquid with the mixing tool and mix them together. Add more powder in this way, until the cement mixture becomes thick.
Suggestion: Practice with the cement ahead of time. You can then find out the time it takes to become hard.
Where There Is No Dentist 2010 -page 148-
Cement is much easier to use when it is thick and not too sticky . Roll a bit between your fingers. If the cement sticks, it is not yet ready. Add more powder and then test again.
Now take the cotton out of the cavity. Check to be sure the cavity is dry. If the cotton around the tooth is wet, change it.
4 . Press some cement into the cavity . Put a small ball of cement on the end of your filling tool. Carry it to the cavity. Spread it over the floor of the cavity and into the corners.
Then add another ball of cement, pressing it against the other cement and against the sides of the cavity.
Keep adding cement until the cavity is over-filled. Smooth the extra cement against the edge of the cavity.
If a cavity goes down between two teeth, one other step is necessary. You need to take care that the cement does not squeeze and hurt the gum.
REMEMBER: Decay stops growing only when the cement covers it completely and tightly .
Before you spread the cement, place something thin between the teeth.
You can use the soft stem from a palm leaf, a toothpick, or a tooth from a comb. Be sure it has a rounded end to prevent damage to the gums.
before
after
Where There Is No Dentist 2010 -page 149-
5 . Remove the extra cement before it gets too hard . Press the flat side of the filling tool against the cement and smooth it towards the edge of the cavity.
As you smooth the cement, shape it to look like the top of a normal tooth.
This way, the tooth above or below it can fit against the filling without breaking it.
After you take out the stem or toothpick (p.148), smooth the cement. Gums stay healthier when the cement beside them is smooth .
Cement that sticks out and is not smooth can hurt the gums. It can also later break off. When that happens, spit and germs are able to go inside and start the decay growing again.
It is also important to look closely around the tooth for loose pieces of cement and to remove them before they make the gums sore .
Use the end of your probe. Gently reach into the gum pocket and lift out any pieces of cement caught there.
Wipe off your probe with cotton gauze each time.
Now remove all the cotton and ask the person to gently close the teeth. The teeth should come together normally and not hit first against the cement filling. Too much pressure against the cement filling will crack and break it .
Always check to see if part of the filling is high:
(1) lf the cement is still wet, you can see the smooth place where the opposite tooth bit into it. Scrape the cement away from this place.
(2) If the cement is dry, have the person bite on a piece of carbon paper. If there is too much cement, the carbon paper will darken the cement. Scrape away that extra cement.
If you have no carbon paper, darken some paper with a pencil.
The person must not leave your clinic until the filled tooth fits properly against the other teeth .
Where There Is No Dentist 2010 -page 150-
2 . Lift out some of the decay . You do not need to remove all of the decay on the bottom of the cavity. You can leave some, as long as you cover it with cement. If you try to dig out all of the decay, you might touch the nerve. Try to cover the decay so it stops growing.
However, you must remove all of the decay from the edge of the cavity . Otherwise, germs and food can go between the cement and the cavity and keep the decay growing inside.
Scrape clean the walls and the edge of the cavity. If you find that the edge is thin and weak, break it deliberately with the end of your instrument. That makes for stronger sides to hold onto the cement.
Use the spoon tool and lift out soft decay from inside the cavity. Do not go too deep. Make the cavity just deep enough to give thickness and strength to the cement. If the tooth hurts when you do this, stop and inject some local anesthetic . Use cotton gauze to collect the bits of decay so that the person does not swallow them.
Use your mirror and look closely around the edges of the cavity for decay that you may have missed. Put some cotton inside the cavity and leave it there while you mix the cement.
3 . Mix the cement on a piece of smooth glass. Place separately onto the glass a pile of zinc oxide powder and a few drops of eugenol liquid.
Pull a small amount of the powder to the liquid with the mixing tool and mix them together. Add more powder in this way, until the cement mixture becomes thick.
Suggestion: Practice with the cement ahead of time. You can then find out the time it takes to become hard.
Where There Is No Dentist 2010 -page 148-
Cement is much easier to use when it is thick and not too sticky . Roll a bit between your fingers. If the cement sticks, it is not yet ready. Add more powder and then test again.
Now take the cotton out of the cavity. Check to be sure the cavity is dry. If the cotton around the tooth is wet, change it.
4 . Press some cement into the cavity . Put a small ball of cement on the end of your filling tool. Carry it to the cavity. Spread it over the floor of the cavity and into the corners.
Then add another ball of cement, pressing it against the other cement and against the sides of the cavity.
Keep adding cement until the cavity is over-filled. Smooth the extra cement against the edge of the cavity.
If a cavity goes down between two teeth, one other step is necessary. You need to take care that the cement does not squeeze and hurt the gum.
REMEMBER: Decay stops growing only when the cement covers it completely and tightly .
Before you spread the cement, place something thin between the teeth.
You can use the soft stem from a palm leaf, a toothpick, or a tooth from a comb. Be sure it has a rounded end to prevent damage to the gums.
before
after
Where There Is No Dentist 2010 -page 149-
5 . Remove the extra cement before it gets too hard . Press the flat side of the filling tool against the cement and smooth it towards the edge of the cavity.
As you smooth the cement, shape it to look like the top of a normal tooth.
This way, the tooth above or below it can fit against the filling without breaking it.
After you take out the stem or toothpick (p.148), smooth the cement. Gums stay healthier when the cement beside them is smooth .
Cement that sticks out and is not smooth can hurt the gums. It can also later break off. When that happens, spit and germs are able to go inside and start the decay growing again.
It is also important to look closely around the tooth for loose pieces of cement and to remove them before they make the gums sore .
Use the end of your probe. Gently reach into the gum pocket and lift out any pieces of cement caught there.
Wipe off your probe with cotton gauze each time.
Now remove all the cotton and ask the person to gently close the teeth. The teeth should come together normally and not hit first against the cement filling. Too much pressure against the cement filling will crack and break it .
Always check to see if part of the filling is high:
(1) lf the cement is still wet, you can see the smooth place where the opposite tooth bit into it. Scrape the cement away from this place.
(2) If the cement is dry, have the person bite on a piece of carbon paper. If there is too much cement, the carbon paper will darken the cement. Scrape away that extra cement.
If you have no carbon paper, darken some paper with a pencil.
The person must not leave your clinic until the filled tooth fits properly against the other teeth .
Where There Is No Dentist 2010 -page 150-
6 . Explain things to the person . Explain how to look after the filling so it
will not break:
• Do not eat anything for 1 hour—let the cement get hard and strong.
• Try not to use that tooth for biting or chewing. Until there is a permanent filling, the cement and sides of the cavity are weak. They cannot take much pressure.
If the tooth hurts more after you place the cement filling, there is probably an abscess . Take out the tooth . If you cannot take out the tooth immediately because of swelling, take out the filling to relieve the pressure, and take out the tooth after you treat the swelling (page 93).
CLEAN YOUR INSTRUMENTS AFTER YOU FINISH
You do not need to boil your cement filling instruments. In fact, boiling can weaken the small pointed ends.
First scrape the dried cement from the filling and mixing tools. Then, after you scrub them with soap and water, leave them for 20 minutes in disinfectant (see page 89). Finally wrap the instruments together in a clean cloth so they are ready for use when you need them again.
REMEMBER:
A cement filling is only a temporary measure .
A good one can last up to 6 months. During this time, the person must see a dental worker who has the equipment to put in a permanent filling. For this, the person may have to travel to the city, or wait for the dental worker to visit your area.
will not break:
• Do not eat anything for 1 hour—let the cement get hard and strong.
• Try not to use that tooth for biting or chewing. Until there is a permanent filling, the cement and sides of the cavity are weak. They cannot take much pressure.
If the tooth hurts more after you place the cement filling, there is probably an abscess . Take out the tooth . If you cannot take out the tooth immediately because of swelling, take out the filling to relieve the pressure, and take out the tooth after you treat the swelling (page 93).
CLEAN YOUR INSTRUMENTS AFTER YOU FINISH
You do not need to boil your cement filling instruments. In fact, boiling can weaken the small pointed ends.
First scrape the dried cement from the filling and mixing tools. Then, after you scrub them with soap and water, leave them for 20 minutes in disinfectant (see page 89). Finally wrap the instruments together in a clean cloth so they are ready for use when you need them again.
REMEMBER:
A cement filling is only a temporary measure .
A good one can last up to 6 months. During this time, the person must see a dental worker who has the equipment to put in a permanent filling. For this, the person may have to travel to the city, or wait for the dental worker to visit your area.
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